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Balafrej, Lamia (2022). "Automated Slaves, Ambivalent Images, and Noneffective Machines in al-Jazari's Compendium of the Mechanical Arts, 1206". 21: Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual. 3 (4): 737–774. doi: 10.11588/xxi.2022.4.91685. ISSN 2701-1569. The 2010s were defined by large-scale improvements in the availability, power and versatility of commonly available robotic components, as well as the mass proliferation of robots into everyday life, which caused both optimistic speculation and new societal concerns. Walter stressed the importance of using purely analogue electronics to simulate brain processes at a time when his contemporaries such as Alan Turing and John von Neumann were all turning towards a view of mental processes in terms of digital computation. Walter's work inspired subsequent generations of robotics researchers such as Rodney Brooks, Hans Moravec and Mark Tilden. Modern incarnations of Walter's "turtles" may be found in the form of BEAM robotics. [65] 1950s [ edit ] The Unimate Puma 500 and Puma 560 industrial robots in 1986 Early legends [ edit ] Miniature from a 14th-century manuscript of Pygmalion working on his sculpture Mark E. Rosheim summarizes the advances in robotics made by Muslim engineers, especially al-Jazari, as follows:
Saudi Arabia criticized for giving female robot citizenship, while it restricts women's rights". ABC News . Retrieved 28 October 2017. Deborah Levine Gera (2003). Ancient Greek Ideas on Speech, Language, and Civilization. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-925616-7. Archived from the original on 5 December 2016 . Retrieved 25 September 2016.Currie, Adam (1999). "The History of Robotics". Archived from the original on 18 July 2006 . Retrieved 10 September 2007. Fears and concerns about robots have been repeatedly expressed in a wide range of books and films. A common theme is the development of a master race of conscious and highly intelligent robots, motivated to take over or destroy the human race. Frankenstein (1818), often called the first science fiction novel, has become synonymous with the theme of a robot or android advancing beyond its creator.
The manufacturing tradition of automata continued in the Greek world well into the Middle Ages. On his visit to Constantinople in 949 ambassador Liutprand of Cremona described automata in the emperor Theophilos' palace, including Polk, Igor (16 November 2005). "RoboNexus 2005 robot exhibition virtual tour". Robonexus Exhibition 2005. Archived from the original on 12 August 2007 . Retrieved 10 September 2007. The Honda Humanoid Robots". Archived from the original on 11 September 2007 . Retrieved 10 September 2007. Truitt, E.R. (2015). Medieval Robots: Mechanism, Magic, Nature, an
In 1974, Michael J. Freeman created Leachim, a robot teacher who was programmed with the class curricular, as well as certain biographical information on the 40 students whom Leachim was programmed to teach. [84] Leachim had the ability to synthesize human speech. [85] Leachim was tested in a fourth grade classroom in the Bronx borough of New York City. [86] Robot Dreams: The Strange Tale of a Man's Quest To Rebuild His Mechanical Childhood Friend". The Cleveland Free Times. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008 . Retrieved 25 September 2008. Howard R. Turner (1997). Science in Medieval Islam: An Illustrated Introduction. University of Texas Press. p.81. ISBN 0-292-78149-0.