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Summerlin, Lee R. (1988). Chemical demonstrations (2nded.). Washington, DC: American Chem. Society. p.127. ISBN 9780841214811. Hastings JJ, Howarth OW (1992) 183W, 1H and 17O nuclear magnetic resonance study of aqueous isopolytungstates. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 2:209–215 Pullar RC, Farrah SMN, Alford N (2007) MgWO 4, ZnWO 4, NiWO 4 and CoWO 4 microwave dielectric ceramics. J Eur Cer Soc 27:1059–1063 Campbell, J. A. (1963). "Kinetics Early and Often". Journal of Chemical Education. 40 (11): 578–583. doi: 10.1021/ed040p578. Test Methods for Activated Carbon" (PDF). European Council of Chemical Manufacturers' Federations. April 1986.
Jakubowski H (2016). "Chapter 8: Oxidation/Phosphorylation B: Oxidative Enzymes". Biochemistry Online.Methylene blue is widely used as a redox indicator in analytical chemistry. [55] [56] [57] Solutions of this substance are blue when in an oxidizing environment, but will turn colorless if exposed to a reducing agent. [58] [56] The redox properties can be seen in a classical demonstration of chemical kinetics in general chemistry, the " blue bottle" experiment. Typically, a solution is made of glucose (dextrose), methylene blue, and sodium hydroxide. Upon shaking the bottle, oxygen oxidizes methylene blue, and the solution turns blue. The dextrose will gradually reduce the methylene blue to its colorless, reduced form. Hence, when the dissolved dextrose is entirely consumed, the solution will turn blue again. The redox midpoint potential E 0' is +0.01 V. [59] Peroxide generator [ edit ] In a solution, methylene blue is slightly acidic and dissociates into its ionic constituents. An aqueous solution of this compound has a pH level of 6 at a concentration of 10g/l and at an ideal temperature of 25 °C. Olah, Herbert W. Roesky (2007). Spectacular chemical experiments (1st Aufl.ed.). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-31865-0.
Erioglaucine, a food colorant and a redox dye, was found to be an effective substitute for methylene blue in the blue bottle experiment. Since some candies and drinks such as Gatorade contain the dye and a reducing sugar, only sodium hydroxide need be added to turn these food products into a blue bottle solution. [27] Purple flask Pennarun GI, Boxall C, O’Hare D (1996) Micro-optical ring electrode: development of a novel electrode for photoelectrochemistry. Analyst 121:1779–1788
This is red when oxidised and colourless when reduced. Use about 6 drops of a 0.2% solution in water for a bottle that goes pink on shaking and colourless on standing. The initial pink colour takes some time to turn colourless at first. A mixture of phenosafranine (6 drops) and methylene blue (about 20 drops of the 0.1% solution in ethanol) gives a bottle which will turn pink on gentle shaking through purple with more shaking and eventually blue. It will reverse the sequence on standing. Indigo carmine Canevari TC, Vinhas RCG, Landers R, Gushikem Y (2011) SiO 2/SnO 2/Sb 2O 5 microporous ceramic material for immobilization of meldola's blue: application as an electrochemical sensor for NADH. Biosens Bioelectron 26:2402–2406 From troubles to bubbles, close your eyes and let the replenishing bath soak cleanse your body and revive you