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Makbet: Wydanie z opracowaniem (LEKTURA Z OPRACOWANIEM)

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Taylor, Gary (2002). "Shakespeare plays on Renaissance stages". In Wells, Stanley; Stanton, Sarah (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage. Cambridge Companions to Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.1–20. doi: 10.1017/CCOL0521792959.001. ISBN 978-0-511-99957-4– via Cambridge Core. Sherbo, Arthur (1951). "Dr. Johnson on Macbeth: 1745 and 1765". The Review of English Studies. 2 (5): 40–47. doi: 10.1093/res/II.5.40. ISSN 0034-6551. JSTOR 511908. All theatres were closed down by the Puritan government on 6 September 1642. Upon the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, two patent companies (the King's Company and the Duke's Company) were established, and the existing theatrical repertoire divided between them. [76] Sir William Davenant, founder of the Duke's Company, adapted Shakespeare's play to the tastes of the new era, and his version would dominate on stage for around eighty years. Among the changes he made were the expansion of the role of the witches, introducing new songs, dances and 'flying', and the expansion of the role of Lady Macduff as a foil to Lady Macbeth. [77] There were, however, performances outside the patent companies: among the evasions of the Duke's Company's monopoly was a puppet version of Macbeth. [78]

Potter, Lois (2001). "Shakespeare in the theatre, 1660–1900". In de Grazia, Margreta; Wells, Stanley (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare. Cambridge Companions to Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.183–198. doi: 10.1017/CCOL0521650941.012. ISBN 978-1-139-00010-9– via Cambridge Core.

Macbeth Summary

Edmund Kean at Drury Lane gave a psychological portrayal of the central character, with a common touch, but was ultimately unsuccessful in the role. However he did pave the way for the most acclaimed performance of the nineteenth century, that of William Charles Macready. Macready played the role over a 30-year period, firstly at Covent Garden in 1820 and finally in his retirement performance. Although his playing evolved over the years, it was noted throughout for the tension between the idealistic aspects and the weaker, venal aspects of Macbeth's character. His staging was full of spectacle, including several elaborate royal processions. [97] Na scenie polskiej Makbet został po raz pierwszy wystawiony w roku 1812 w teatrze Wojciecha Bogusławskiego. Henry Irving was the most successful of the late-Victorian actor-managers, but his Macbeth failed to curry favour with audiences. His desire for psychological credibility reduced certain aspects of the role: He described Macbeth as a brave soldier but a moral coward, and played him untroubled by conscience– clearly already contemplating the murder of Duncan before his encounter with the witches. [112] [c] Irving's leading lady was Ellen Terry, but her Lady Macbeth was unsuccessful with the public, for whom a century of performances influenced by Sarah Siddons had created expectations at odds with Terry's conception of the role. [114] [115] Macbeth ( / m ə k ˈ b ɛ θ/, full title The Tragedie of Macbeth) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare. It is thought to have been first performed in 1606. [a] It dramatises the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power. Of all the plays that Shakespeare wrote during the reign of James I, Macbeth most clearly reflects his relationship with King James, patron of Shakespeare's acting company. [1] It was first published in the Folio of 1623, possibly from a prompt book, and is Shakespeare's shortest tragedy. [2]

Taylor, Gary; Jowett, John (1993). Shakespeare Reshaped, 1606–1623. Oxford Shakespeare Studies. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-812256-2. TL;DR (may contain spoilers): Macbeth hears that he is going to be king; he and Lady Macbeth kill people so he can become king; both of them die. Macbeth Summary Tandon, Aditi (29 June 2004). "Exposing rural Punjabis to Shakespeare magic". The Tribune. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022 . Retrieved 31 January 2018.Macbeth has been compared to Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. As characters, both Antony and Macbeth seek a new world, even at the cost of the old one. Both fight for a throne and have a 'nemesis' to face to achieve that throne. For Antony, the nemesis is Octavius; for Macbeth, it is Banquo. At one point Macbeth even compares himself to Antony, saying "under Banquo / My Genius is rebuk'd, as it is said / Mark Antony's was by Caesar." Lastly, both plays contain powerful and manipulative female figures: Cleopatra and Lady Macbeth. [8] Bloom, Harold, ed. (2008). Macbeth. Bloom's Shakespeare Through the Ages. New York: Chelsea House. ISBN 978-0-7910-9842-4. In Soviet-controlled Prague in 1977, faced with the illegality of working in theatres, Pavel Kohout adapted Macbeth into a 75-minute abridgement for five actors, suitable for "bringing a show in a suitcase to people's homes". [133] [e]

In 1849, Macbeth even caused a riot in New York. The Astor Place Riot was caused by two rival actors arguing about whose portrayal of Macbeth was better. American actor Edwin Forrest and English thespian William Charles Macready were both playing the role of Macbeth in different productions at different theatres on the same night, and a longstanding rivalry erupted. Xu Xiaozhong's 1980 Central Academy of Drama production in Beijing made every effort to be unpolitical (necessary in the aftermath of the Cultural Revolution): yet audiences still perceived correspondences between the central character (whom the director had actually modelled on Louis Napoleon) and Mao Zedong. [136] Shakespeare has often been adapted to indigenous theatre traditions, for example the Kunju Macbeth of Huang Zuolin performed at the inaugural Chinese Shakespeare Festival of 1986. [137] Similarly, B. V. Karanth's Barnam Vana of 1979 had adapted Macbeth to the Yakshagana tradition of Karnataka, India. [138] In 1997, Lokendra Arambam created Stage of Blood, merging a range of martial arts, dance and gymnastic styles from Manipur, performed in Imphal and in England. The stage was literally a raft on a lake. [139] Thrasher, Thomas (2002). Understanding Macbeth. Understanding Great Literature (1nded.). San Diego: Lucent Books. ISBN 1-56006-998-8.Macbeth was a king of the Scots whose rule was marked by efficient government and the promotion of Christianity, but who is best known as the murderer and usurper in William Shakespeare's tragedy. Shakespeare's source for the story is the account of Macbeth, King of Scotland, Macduff, and Duncan in Holinshed's Chronicles (1587), a history of England, Scotland, and Ireland familiar to Shakespeare and his contemporaries, although the events in the play differ extensively from the history of the real Macbeth. The events of the tragedy are usually associated with the execution of Henry Garnet for complicity in the Gunpowder Plot of 1605. [3] Nagarajan, S. (1956). "A Note on Banquo". Shakespeare Quarterly. Folger Shakespeare Library. 7 (4): 371–376. doi: 10.2307/2866356. eISSN 1538-3555. ISSN 0037-3222. JSTOR 2866356. Perkins, William (1610). A Discovrse of The Damned Art of Witchcraft. Cambridge University Press. OL 19659796M. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022 . Retrieved 30 January 2018. Thomson, Peter (1992). Shakespeare's Theatre. Theatre Production Studies (2nded.). London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-05148-7.

This is because Shakespeare (or the play's revisers) is said to have used the spells of real witches in his text, purportedly angering the witches and causing them to curse the play. [62] [ bettersourceneeded] Thus, to say the name of the play inside a theatre is believed to doom the production to failure, and perhaps cause physical injury or death to cast members. There are stories of accidents, misfortunes and even deaths taking place during runs of Macbeth. [61] Ambition – or ‘vaulting ambition’ as Macbeth himself puts it – is another central theme of the play. Hearing the prophecy from the Witches convinces Macbeth that he could be King. Indeed, more than that, the prophecy suggests that he is meant to be King. Although Duncan has ‘honour’d [him] of late’, and Macbeth knows that to kill the king who had raised him to the title of Thane of Cawdor would be, among other things, an act of supreme ingratitude, Macbeth is driven to commit murder so he can seize the crown. The first professional performances of Macbeth in North America were probably those of The Hallam Company. [80] No other version of the story has Macbeth kill the king in Macbeth's own castle. Scholars have seen this change of Shakespeare's as adding to the darkness of Macbeth's crime as the worst violation of hospitality. Versions of the story that were common at the time had Duncan being killed in an ambush at Inverness, not in a castle. Shakespeare conflated the story of Donwald and King Duff in what was a significant change to the story. [11]Hawkes, Terence (2003). "Shakespeare's Afterlife: Introduction". In Wells, Stanley; Orlin, Lena Cowen (eds.). Shakespeare: An Oxford Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.571–581. ISBN 978-0-19-924522-2. Bezpośrednią inspiracją do napisania tego dzieła byłazmiana na tronie Anglii. Pisząc „Makbeta”Szekspir korzystał z dzieła Raphaela Holinsheda pod tytułem „Kroniki Anglii, Szkocji i Irlandii”, wydanego w 1577 roku. Pisarz zaczerpnął z tej historii szkielet i stworzył opowieść o mechanizmach władzy oraz ludzkich tragedii. Mac Bethad mac Findláich, known in English as Macbeth, was born in around 1005. His father was Finlay, Mormaer of Moray, and his mother may have been Donada, second daughter of Malcolm II. A 'mormaer' was literally a high steward of one of the ancient Celtic provinces of Scotland, but in Latin documents the word is usually translated as 'comes', which means earl. Although Malcolm, and not Fleance, is placed on the throne, the witches' prophecy concerning Banquo ("Thou shalt get kings") was known to the audience of Shakespeare's time to be true: James VI of Scotland (later also James I of England) was supposedly a descendant of Banquo. [4]) Malcolm zostaje królem: Malcolm zostaje koronowany na króla, przywracając porządek po tragicznym panowaniu Makbeta.

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