The Life and Liberation of Padmasambhava

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Meulenbeld, Ben (2001). Buddhist Symbolism in Tibetan Thangkas: The Story of Siddhartha and Other Buddhas Interpreted in Modern Nepalese Painting. Binkey Kok. ISBN 978-90-74597-44-9. Mandelbaum, Arthur (August 2007). "Nanam Dorje Dudjom". The Treasury of Lives: Biographies of Himalayan Religious Masters . Retrieved 10 August 2013. In the self-manifest saṃbhogakāya realm known as ‘Resounding Drum of Perfection’, he appears as the boundless array of the five wisdom families of Buddha ‘Immense Ocean,’ [3] possessing the five certainties. As the external manifestation of this natural energy, he is perceived by all the bodhisattvas on the ten bhūmis in myriad bodily forms within the buddhafields of the five families, including the semi-manifest, natural nirmāṇakāya realms of Mahābrahma. All of these are the cloudbanks of the Guru’s wisdom display, his ‘inexhaustible wheel of adornment,’ and so he is known as ‘Lotus Who Holds All’. The eight manifestations of Padmasambhava belong to the tradition of Terma, the Revealed Treasures (Tib.: ter ma), [2] [note 3] and are described and enumerated as follows: [ citation needed] As Mandarava attained the vajra rainbow body (jalus), she is held to be present in the world now spreading and inspiring the Dharma through various incarnations in both the east and the west.

Bischoff, F. A. 1978. "Padmasambhava est-il un personnage historique?" In Proceedings of the Csoma de Koros Symposium, pp. 27-33. Louis Ligeti, ed. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado. Kværne, Per (2013). Tuttle, Gray; Schaeffer, Kurtis R. (eds.). The Tibetan history reader. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-14469-8.Patrul Rinpoche (28 June 2022). "Brief Guide to the Stages of Visualization for the Ngöndro Practice". Lotsawa House . Retrieved 20 December 2022.

Guru Senge Dradrog (Wylie: gu ru seng-ge sgra-sgrogs, Skt: Guru Simhanāda, [39]) meaning "The Lion's Roar", wrathful, subdues and pacifies negative influences, manifests in India and at Nalanda University, the Lion of Debate, promulgator of the Dharma throughout the six realms of sentient beings. He is shown as dark blue and surrounded by flames above a lotus, with fangs and three glaring eyes, crown of skulls and long hair, standing on a demon, holding a flaming vajra in the right hand, left hand in a subjugation mudra. Teachings and spiritual practices arising from Mandarava are being practiced today by a variety of lineages and Buddhist organizations. Many of these focus either on long life practices or the consecration of sacred spiritual medicines. One of the earliest chronicle sources for Padmasambhava as a historical figure is the Testament of Ba ( Dba' bzhed, c. 9th–12th centuries), which records the founding of Samye Monastery under the reign of King Trisong Detsen (r. 755–797/804). [16]. [4] Other early manuscripts from Dunhuang also mention a tantric master associated with kilaya rituals named Padmasambhava who tames demons, though they do not associate this figure with Trisong Detsen. [17] [4] Changchub, Gyalwa; Nyingpo, Namkhai (2002). Lady of the Lotus-born: The Life and Enlightenment of Yeshe Tsogyal. Translated by the Padmakara Translation Group. Boston & London: Shambhala Publications. ISBN 1-57062-544-1. According to Lewis Doney, while his historical authenticity was questioned by earlier Tibetologists, it is now "cautiously accepted". [4] Early sources [ edit ] Colossus of Padmasambhava, 123 ft. (37.5 m), high in mist overlooking Rewalsar Lake, Himachal Pradesh, India Fragment of the Testament of Ba at the British Library, with six incomplete lines of Tibetan writing ( Or.8210/S.9498A)

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Dargay, Eva M. The Rise of Esoteric Buddhism in Tibet. 2nd rev. ed. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1979.