Operation Gladio: The Unholy Alliance Between the Vatican, the CIA, and the Mafia

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In Italy a massacre during an anti-fascist demonstration in Brescia kills eight and injures and maims 102, while a bomb in the Rome to Munich train “Italicus Express”, kills 12 and injures and maims 48. Andreas Anton, Michael Schetsche, Michael K. Walter Konspiration p. 175, Springer VS 2014, ISBN 978-3-531-19324-3 In Italy former Prime Minister and leader of the Christian Democratic Party, Aldo Moro, is taken hostage in Rome by an armed secret unit and killed 55 days later because he wanted to include the Italian Communists in the government. In Portugal the CIA sets up Aginter Press which under the direction of Captain Yves Guerin Serac runs a secret stay-behind army and trains its members in covert action techniques including hands on bomb terrorism, silent assassination, subversion techniques, clandestine communication and infiltration and colonial warfare.

Willan, Phillip (2002). Puppetmasters: The Political Use of Terrorism in Italy. iUniverse. pp.149–150. ISBN 978-1-4697-1084-6. It can hardly be overemphasised that running a secret army and funding an unaccountable intelligence service entails grave risks every democracy should Regine Igel, Andreotti. Politik zwischen Geheimdienst und Mafia, 1997, Herbig Verlagsbuchhandlung GmbH, Munich ( ISBN 3-7766-1951-1). (in German) Sinai, Tamir (8 December 2020). "Eyes on target: 'Stay-behind' forces during the Cold War". War in History. 28 (3): 681–700. doi: 10.1177/0968344520914345. p.9Cogan, Charles (2007). " 'Stay-Behind' in France: Much ado about nothing?". Journal of Strategic Studies. 30 (6): 937–954. doi: 10.1080/01402390701676493. S2CID 154529125.

Lawrence Kaplan, "Review of NATO's Secret Armies," The International History Review, September 2006, 685-686. François Vitrani, "L'Italie, un Etat de 'souveraineté limitée'?", in Le Monde diplomatique, December 1990. (in French) and harassed the occupying forces, exfiltrated shot down pilots, and gathered intelligence for the government in exile.General Kenan Evren, who became President of Turkey following a successful coup d'état in 1980, served as the head of the Counter-Guerrilla, the Turkish branch of Operation Gladio. Historians and outside investigators have speculated that Counter-Guerrilla and several subordinate Intelligence, Special Forces, and Gendarmerie units were possibly involved in numerous acts of state-sponsored terrorism and engineering the military coups of 1971 and 1980. Many of the high ranking plotters of the 1971 and 1980 coup, such as Generals Evren, Memduh Tağmaç, Faik Türün, Sabri Yirmibeşoğlu, Kemal Yamak and Air Force Commander Tahsin Şahinkaya served at various times under the command of Counter-Guerrilla or the subordinate Tactical Mobilisation Group and Special Warfare Department. La 'red Gladio' continúa operando, según el ex agente Alberto Volo, El País, August 19, 1991 (in Spanish) In Finland Communist Interior Minister Leino exposes a secret stay-behind which is being closed down. Philip Agee and Louis Wolf, Dirty Work: The CIA in Western Europe (Secaucus: Lyle Stuart Inc., 1978), p.154 (quoted by Daniele Ganser) (2005) p.216