Life Time: The New Science of the Body Clock, and How It Can Revolutionize Your Sleep and Health

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Lucas, R. J.; Freedman, M. S.; Muñoz, M.; Garcia-Fernández, J. M.; Foster, R. G. (16 April 1999). "Regulation of the mammalian pineal by non-rod, non-cone, ocular photoreceptors". Science. 284 (5413): 505–507. Bibcode: 1999Sci...284..505L. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5413.505. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10205062. To return to Philip Larkin and what days are for, let us leave the answer to Russell, whose hope for his book is that it can help us to 'be healthier, more creative, make better decisions, gain more from the company of others, and view the world and all that it has to offer with a greater sense of curiosity and wonder'. ii. consolidation: gradually turned into long-term memories. 2 types of long-term memories, declarative (conscious control) & procedural (how we perform actions) memories. A couple of minor points do differ: Foster suggests use of Tryptophan-containing foods to boost serotonin and melatonin levels, helping both sleep and mood (glass of whole milk before bed? yes please). He also refutes the idea that it is the blue light from our devices that keeps us awake, but rather the whole stimulation effect of playing on a computer (absence of evidence in not evidence of absence). For my part I begrudge Foster for this revelation as it is easier to follow a recommendation if there are multiple reasons for doing so (and now I've lost a reason to not look at my phone before bed, which I'm sure doesn't help).

Foster, R. G.; Provencio, I.; Hudson, D.; Fiske, S.; De Grip, W.; Menaker, M. (1 July 1991). "Circadian photoreception in the retinally degenerate mouse (rd/rd)". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 169 (1): 39–50. doi: 10.1007/bf00198171. PMID 1941717. S2CID 1124159. A superlative guide to some of the most intriguing questions of human existence' - Bill Bryson, author of The Body: A Guide for Occupants Men and women are biologically different- they are broadly "sexually dimorphic", and this extends to several notable differences in our circadian system.

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Ralph, M. R.; Foster, R. G.; Davis, F. C.; Menaker, M. (23 February 1990). "Transplanted suprachiasmatic nucleus determines circadian period". Science. 247 (4945): 975–978. Bibcode: 1990Sci...247..975R. doi: 10.1126/science.2305266. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 2305266. Benzodiazepines, which was discovered accidentally by Leo Sternbach in 1955 who worked for Hoffmann–La Roche after escaping the Nazis. The first was chlordiazepoxide (Librium)), then diazepam (Valium). You may also opt to downgrade to Standard Digital, a robust journalistic offering that fulfils many user’s needs. Compare Standard and Premium Digital here. Chapter 1: The Day Within discusses the 24-hour cycle. Circadian rhythm and the main Chronotypes, such as larks and owls. We evolved with very little sugar in our diet. Chemically refined sugar was most probably first produced in India around 3,500 years ago and spread east to China, West through Persia and the early Islamic World reaching the Mediterranean in the thirteenth century.

Larkin would have done well to include 'scientist' along with priest and doctor. More specifically, he might have been interested to talk to circadian neuroscientists, such as Professor Russell Foster, who has said that the commercialisation of electric light since the 1950s has allowed us to 'declare war upon the night' and think that we can 'do what we want, at whatever time we choose'. https://www.bnc.ox.ac.uk/about-brasenose/news/1322-professor-russell-foster-cbe Professor Russell Foster, Brasenose College Killian Fox (25 June 2022). "Sleep scientist Russell Foster: 'I want to take the anxiety around sleep away' ". The Guardian . Retrieved 25 June 2022. We now appreciate that every aspect of the immune response is being regulated by the circadian system. The skin is one of the most important, but most overlooked, parts of our immune defence... providing an effective barrier.

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Additionally, the author goes into a long discussion about cholesterol buildup and how statins work to reduce levels of cholesterol in the blood. He then describes the optimal time to take statins. He neglects to mention that numerous studies report absolutely no reduction of overall mortality when statins are prescribed (as in the majority of cases) as a prophylactic measure against heart problems in high-risk individuals. See Ray et al (2010), "Statins and All-Cause Mortality in High-Risk Primary Prevention: A Meta-analysis of 11 Randomized Controlled Trials Involving 65,229 Participants." From that paper, "Conclusion: This literature-based meta-analysis did not find evidence for the benefit of statin therapy on all-cause mortality in a high-risk primary prevention set-up."