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The natural sulfide of antimony, stibnite, was known and used ever since protodynastic Ancient Egypt as a medication and a cosmetic. The Sunan Abi Dawood reports, “prophet Muhammad said: 'Among the best types of collyrium is antimony (ithmid) for it clears the vision and makes the hair sprout.'” Kohl or Kajal: Greenberg points out that kohl and kajal mean the same thing and are often used interchangeably. Seeing either term on a pencil is a sign that it has that silky, easy-to-smudge texture you're after.
another English word derived from 'khul' - alcohol - originally referred to the powder of antimony and made its way into English via Middle Latin and French. In Punjabi culture, surma is a traditional ceremonial dye, which predominantly men of the Punjab wear around their eyes on special social or religious occasions. It is usually applied by the wife or the mother of the person.
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One of the queens of ancient Egypt, where Kohl was popular, used to have a grounded Frankincense as a Kohl. In modern times, various chemicals are used to make eye liners and mascara products ,which are also a form of Kohl. Health Canada sampled 14 kohl products across Canada for the presence of lead. The following products were found to contain high levels of lead:
Andreas Unger, a German philologist (someone who studies words and their development) explained to German media outlet Deutsche Welle (DW) that the English and German words for alcohol do come from the Arabic term “al-kuhl”. If you happen to have dates in your kitchen, well, guess what! You can make Arab Kohl from the date’s kernel. Ophthalmology of the Pharaohs: Antimicrobial Kohl Eyeliner in Ancient Egypt". Discover . Retrieved 2021-12-05. As the exposure continues more serious health effects may occur, such as lung diseases, heart problems, diarrhea, severe vomiting and stomach ulcers.
How to Make Arab Kohl
Therefore, It is important to make the distinction between Ithmid Koh, which is the Kohl used and recommended by the prophet صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ and other types of Kohl. Abdullah Ibn Abbas (radhi Allahu anhu) narrated that the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said: "Wear your white garments, for they are among your best garments, and shroud your dead in them. Among the best types of collyrium you use is antimony (ithmid): it clears the vision and makes the hair [eyelashes] sprout." [sunan Abi Dawood Book 28, Hadith 3869] Classed as Sahih by Al Albani. a b c d e f g h i Hardy A, Walton R, Vaishnav R (February 2004). "Composition of eye cosmetics (kohls) used in Cairo". International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 14 (1): 83–91. Because of the incredible benefits of Ithmid (antimony) kohl, the prophet صلي الله عليه وسلم himself used to apply Ithmid kohl to his eyes when going to sleep, to maintain his eye health and set an example for us to follow. Ithmid (antimony) kohl has been used for over 15 centuries to enhance eyesight and maintain overall eye health. Even before the dawn of Islam and at the time of Jahilyah, Ithmid (antimony) kohl was famous for its unique benefits.
Some brands of kajal claim to be 100% natural and herbal... so, these would not be considered ithmid (remember, ithmid refers to a specific stone or mineral). a b Bascom, W. R. (1949). Literary style in Yoruba riddles. The Journal of American Folklore, 62(243), 1-16.Mahmood ZA, Zoha SM, Usmanghani K, Hasan MM, Ali O, Jahan S, Saeed A, Zaihd R, Zubair M, Pak (January 2009). "Kohl (surma): retrospect and prospect". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 22 (1): 107–122. PMID 19168431. The claim that alcohol can “lower your vibration” is consistent with the pseudoscience of “ energy medicine ”.
Besides using kohl as a cosmetic, the people of the ancient world also used it as a medicinal treatment for infected eyes. Ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian doctors prescribed it as a remedy for all types of eye diseases. Its use as an eye medicine has continued in many parts of the world until our times. In Africa and Asia kohl is often painted on the baby’s eyelids for protection against eye afflictions. Galena is the primary ore of lead which is mainly used in making lead-acid batteries; however, significant amounts are also used to make lead sheets and shot. Galena is often mined for its silver content (e.g. the Galena Mine in northern Idaho). The Arabic name كحل kuḥl formed the Arabic root k-ḥ-l, "to apply kohl". Transliteration variants of Arabic dialectal pronunciation include kohl or kuhl. The Arabic word cognates with Syriac-Aramaic word כוחלא/ ܟܘܚܠܐ kuḥla. Both words derived from Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 guẖlu(m) meaning stibnite. Lead is a metal which accumulates in the body and is therefore toxic even at low levels of exposure. Lead poisoning is not always easy to recognize. Symptoms of lead poisoning can include: headaches, irritability, abdominal pain, vomiting, general weakness, paleness, weight loss, poor attention span, noticeable learning difficulty, slowed speech development and hyperactivity. Jaabir bin 'Abdullah Radiyallahu 'Anhu says: "Rasulullah Sallallahu 'Alayhi Wasallam said: 'Use the kuhl made from ithmid for the eyes. It brightens the vision and strengthens the growth of the eye lashes'.The practice of applying various substances on the eyes and its surroundings for cosmetic and health purposes has been around well before the coming of Islam, and there is many different substances such as charcoal and that can be used to this end. Unger told DW that many English words of Arabic origin were first adopted when the scientific and technical developments of Arabic scholars were translated into European languages such as Latin.
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