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This section possibly contains original research. Almost nothing in this section is tied to reliable sources, and there's a great deal of prescriptivist punditry about "codification" of various "rules". Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( January 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Reaction=2-oxoglutarate + L-aspartyl-[ankyrin-repeat domain protein] + O2 = (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartyl-[ankyrin-repeat domain protein] + CO2 + succinate; Xref= RHEA:54280, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:13843, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:13844, CHEBI:15379, CHEBI:16526, CHEBI:16810, CHEBI:29961, CHEBI:30031, CHEBI:138111; EC=1.14.11.n4; Evidence={ ECO:0000269 PubMed: 21177872}. HIF1N_HUMAN,Q9NWT6 Fine, M., Gildor, H. & Genin, A. A coral reef refuge in the Red Sea. Glob. Chang. Biol. 19, 3640–3647 (2013). With Internet search engines, the hyphen is used as a boolean operator that tells the search not to include a result. For example, if you used the below search, the search engine would return results containing "free,""computer," and "help" but would not return any results containing "expensive." free computer help -expensive A hyphen in English
Justić, D., Rabalais, N. N. & Turner, R. E. Effects of climate change on hypoxia in coastal waters: A doubled CO 2 scenario for the northern Gulf of Mexico. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41, 992–1003 (1996). Wroe, Ann, ed. (2015). The Economist Style Guide (11thed.). London / New York: Profile Books / PublicAffairs. p.74. hyphensThere is no firm rule to help you decide which words are run together, hyphenated or left separate. Here, “chocolate” and “covered” describe that the mountain is covered in chocolate. Therefore, we use a hyphen to connect these words.
Hyphens and numbers
Bureau international des poids et mesures, Le Système international d'unités (SI) / The International System of Units (SI), 9th ed. (Sèvres: 2019), ISBN 978-92-822-2272-0, sub§5.4.3, p. 149; "Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)", NIST Special Publication 811, National Institute of Standards and Technology, March 2008. A suspended hyphen (also called a suspensive hyphen or hanging hyphen, or less commonly a dangling or floating hyphen) may be used when a single base word is used with separate, consecutive, hyphenated words that are connected by "and", "or", or "to". For example, short-term and long-term plans may be written as short- and long-term plans. This usage is now common and specifically recommended in some style guides. [22] Suspended hyphens are also used, though less commonly, when the base word comes first, such as in "investor-owned and -operated". Uses such as "applied and sociolinguistics" (instead of "applied linguistics and sociolinguistics") are frowned upon; the Indiana University style guide uses this example and says "Do not 'take a shortcut' when the first expression is ordinarily open" (i.e., ordinarily two separate words). [22] This is different, however, from instances where prefixes that are normally closed up (styled solidly) are used suspensively. For example, preoperative and postoperative becomes pre- and postoperative (not pre- and post-operative) when suspended. Some editors prefer to avoid suspending such pairs, choosing instead to write out both words in full. [26] Other uses [ edit ]
Johnson, M. D., Swaminathan, S. D., Nixon, E. N., Paul, V. J. & Altieri, A. H. Differential susceptibility of reef-building corals to deoxygenation reveals remarkable hypoxia tolerance. Sci. Rep. 11, 1–12 (2021). So, how do you know if a compound word uses a hyphen or not? Well, many compound nouns and verbs are listed in dictionaries—like ours! If you are unsure if a noun or verb uses a hyphen, you can look it up. Alderdice, R. et al. Disparate Inventories of hypoxia gene sets across corals align with inferred environmental resilience. Front. Mar. Sci. 9, 649 (2022). Previous studies have demonstrated that deoxygenation alone can drive coral bleaching and subsequent mortality 25, 26, suggesting that accelerating ocean deoxygenation under climate change and eutrophication could drastically impact the ability of corals – as aerobic metazoans – to respond to heat stress 7, 22, 24, 25. Based on established coral bleaching proxies of BIS 59, 60 and F v/ F m (e.g., 80, the Effective Dose 50 (ED50; 47, 49) metric affirms that deoxygenation lowers thermal thresholds for the species of Acropora examined here. Under 36 °C heating stress and deoxygenation, coral samples (Hd) exhibited greater visual paling with a lower BIS and a reduction in the ED50 BIS and ED50 Fv/Fm by 1 °C and 0.4 °C, respectively, compared to normoxic conditions (Fig. 1, Figure S5). With current climate models predicting at least a + 1.5 °C warming 81, 82, the lowering of the coral thermal threshold by a whole 1 °C (ED50 BIS) under deoxygenation is a drastic result that warrants careful consideration in projecting the future survival of coral reefs. As long as you can figure out if a word uses a hyphen or not, hyphens themselves don’t cause too many problems. However, there is one common mistake to watch out for. -ly adverbsHagen, T., Taylor, C. T., Lam, F. & Moncada, S. Redistribution of intracellular oxygen in hypoxia by nitric oxide: effect on HIF1α. Science (80-). 302, 1975–1978 (2003). A hyphen can also be used to create an en dash and em dash in many word processors by doing two or three hyphens next to each other. Hyphen in a search In contrast, a hyphen that is always displayed and printed is called a "hard hyphen". This can be a Unicode hyphen, a hyphen-minus, or a nonbreaking hyphen (see below). Confusingly, the term is sometimes limited to nonbreaking hyphens. [ citation needed] Nonbreaking hyphens [ edit ]
Substrate requirements of the oxygen-sensing asparaginyl hydroxylase factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor. Hyphenated compound words are two words that have evolved to be used together with a hyphen. We learn to hyphenate certain compounds through repeated use and practice. If you are unsure whether the combo needs a hyphen, refer to a renowned dictionary.Keith Houston (2013). Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks. W.W. Norton & Company. p.132. ISBN 978-0-393-06442-1. Guillermic, M. et al. Thermal stress reduces pocilloporid coral resilience to ocean acidification by impairing control over calcifying fluid chemistry. Sci. Adv. 7, eaba9958 (2021). Hyphenate words that act together to modify the following word. For example, "full-scale" modifies "test" in "full-scale test." However, do not hyphenate connected words that act as adjectives. Gunner, Jennifer (22 February 2010). "When and How To Use a Hyphen ( - )". grammar.yourdictionary.com . Retrieved 15 April 2023. Many people confuse hyphens and dashes because they look similar in printing. Clark, T. N.; Houriet, J.; Vidar, W. S.; Kellogg, J. J.; Todd, D. A.; Cech, N. B.*; Linington, R. G.* Interlaboratory Comparison of Untargeted Mass Spectrometry Da
Suggett, D. J. et al. Toward bio-optical phenotyping of reef-forming corals using light-induced fluorescence transient-fast repetition rate fluorometry. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods https://doi.org/10.1002/LOM3.10479 (2022). Davis, John (30 November 2004). "Using Hyphens in Compound Adjectives (and Exceptions to the Rule)" (Grammar tip). UHV. Archived from the original on 9 January 2010 . Retrieved 5 January 2010.Xie, Y. et al. SOAPdenovo-Trans: De novo transcriptome assembly with short RNA-Seq reads. Bioinformatics 30, 1660–1666 (2014). The word is derived from Ancient Greek ὑφ' ἕν ( huph' hén), contracted from ὑπό ἕν ( hypó hén), "in one" (literally "under one"). [3] [4] An (ἡ) ὑφέν ( (he) hyphén) was an undertie-like ‿ sign written below two adjacent letters to indicate that they belong to the same word when it was necessary to avoid ambiguity, before word spacing was practiced.
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