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Battery manufacturers produce cells to specific intended characteristics. But the cells produced are NOT all the same. So the characteristics are tested into three categories: B. Hu, D.J. Li, Z.X. Li, X.Y. Wang, and X.Q. Zeng: Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 2022, vol. 53A, pp. 3478–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-022-06766-3. B. Hotstar Specials: Our EXCLUSIVE slate of BIG, bold and authentic stories from India’s most acclaimed storytellers including Ram Madhvani, Neeraj Pandey, Venkat Prabhu, Tigmanshu Dhulia and more. N.E. Prasad, A. Gokhale, and R.J. Wanhill: Aluminum-lithium alloys: processing, properties, and applications, 1st ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier Inc., Oxford, UK, 2013, pp. 167–85. Putting together a battery of cells without matching (balancing) them may result in some cells rising in temperature; these wil be cells with the poorest characteristics. And they will not get any better, only get worse. It becomes a visious circle and the usable time on the battery will continue to deteriate.There are many different types of 18650 cells with different chemistries for differnet intended purposes. G. Cao, I. Haygood, and S. Kou: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2010, vol. 41A, pp. 2139–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-010-0248-9. Y.J. Guo, J.F. Li, D.D. Lu, S.X. Deng, G.J. Zeng, Y.L. Ma, W. You, Y.L. Chen, X.H. Zhang, and R.F. Zhang: Mater. Charact., 2021, vol. 182, p. 111549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111549. Y. Li, H.X. Li, L. Katgerman, Q. Du, J.S. Zhang, and L.Z. Zhuang: Prog. Mater. Sci., 2021, vol. 117, p. 100741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100741.
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