Flags of the Napoleonic Wars (2): Colours, Standards and Guidons of Austria, Britain, Prussia and Russia: v. 2 (Men-at-Arms)

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Bovio, Oreste (1996). Due secoli di tricolore (in Italian). Ufficio storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. SBN IT\ICCU\BVE\0116837. Marines consisted of four regiments with dark green facings piped white. In 1812 the shoulder straps were: 25 th – White, 26th – Yellow, 27 th – Green, 28 th –Red This was especially true in the army, where the tricolour military banner was defended at all costs from the capture of the enemy. An episode that occurred on 16 January 1801, during the second Cisalpine Republic [78] was significant in that the Napoleonic officer Teodoro Lechi, in a clash with the Austrians in Trento during which a bridge over the Adige river was disputed, decided to burn the tricolour flags of the military unit to prevent them from falling into the hands of the enemy before surrendering. [76] The national flags of the Italian Republic and of the Kingdom of Italy [ edit ] Flag of the Italian Republic (1802-1805) After the adoption by the Bolognese congregation, the tricolour became a political symbol of the struggle for the independence of Italy from foreign powers, given its use also in the civil sphere, taking the name of "flag of the Italian revolution". [24]

In 1796 Paul I issued new pattern flags to the three Foot Guard regiments. These new flags were of the same size as those of the line and were issued at the same rate. i.e. one white flag per regiment and one coloured flag per company. These flags were used for only a short time and were replaced in 1800. The Cisalpine Republic, since it included Lombardy, part of the Veronese area, the former Duchy of Modena and Reggio, the former Duchy of Massa and Carrara, the Legations of Bologna, Ferrara and Romagna, was the nucleus of modern Italy, [67] despite Napoleon having ceded to Archduchy of Austria, with the Treaty of Campo Formio (17 October 1797), the territories of the former Republic of Venice, namely Veneto, Friuli, Istria, Dalmatia, control over the Republic of Ragusa, until that moment in the orbit of the Venice of the Doges. [71] This renewal was accepted by the Italians despite being linked to the conveniences of Napoleonic France, which had strong imperialist tendencies, because the new political situation was better than the previous one. The double-threaded link with France was in fact much more acceptable than in past centuries in absolutism. [9] On 18 May 1804, Napoleon was given the title of " Emperor of the French" by the Senate; finally, on 2 December 1804, he was solemnly crowned, after receiving the Iron Crown of the Lombard kings, and was consecrated by Pope Pius VII in Notre-Dame de Paris. [c]Ferorelli, Nicola (1925). "La vera origine del tricolore italiano". Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento (in Italian). XII (fasc. III): 662. more Pirate Flag designs by Kevin Dallimore: Thomas Tew, Richard Worley, Henry Every, Laurens De Graff, Kev's Killer Kutthroats, Jolly Roger, another Jolly Roger, Walther Kennedy, Christopher Condent and Sir Henry Morgan. different Viking flags based on Ian Heath's artwork for the Foundry Shield designs, which were based on contemporary carvings, descriptions and illustrations. Bologna, 28 ottobre 1796: Nascita della Bandiera Nazionale Italiana" (in Italian) . Retrieved 14 January 2016. Schroeder, Paul W. (1996). The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848. Oxford University Press. pp.177–560. ISBN 978-0198206545.

In subsequent meetings, which always took place in the "hall of the congress centumvirate" of Reggio, many decisions were decreed and formalized, including the choice of the emblem of the newly formed republic. [51] To put forward the proposal for the adoption of a green, white and red national flag was Giuseppe Compagnoni, who for this reason is remembered as the "father of the Italian flag", in the XIV session of the cispadane congress [52] of 7 January 1797. [51] [27] [53] The adoption decree states: [52] [54] [55] Decree of adoption of the flag of the Napoleonic Italian Republic Flag of the Kingdom of Italy (1805–1814) The flags are historically accurate where I have found sufficient information and historically plausible where I have not. Where sources have conflicted I have followed my own preferences. Lefebvre, Georges (1969). Napoleon from 18 Brumaire to Tilsit, 1799–1807. Columbia University Press.The radical change in the arrangement of the colours was probably proposed by the Vice President of the Republic Francesco Melzi d'Eril, who perhaps wanted to communicate, even from a symbolic point of view, the end of a phase of the history of Italy. [52] The decree of adoption of the historic Napoleonic flag, which is dated 20 August 1802, reads: [82] a b c d e "Origini della bandiera tricolore italiana" (PDF) (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2017 . Retrieved 2 March 2017.

Vecchio, Giorgio (2003). "Il tricolore". Almanacco della Repubblica (in Italian). Bruno Mondadori. pp.42–55. ISBN 88-424-9499-2. Frasca, Francesco (19 March 2009). Reclutamento e guerra nell'Italia napoleonica (in Italian). ISBN 9781409260899 . Retrieved 22 March 2016.

USING THE PRINTED FLAGS

A vast undertaking by John Stallaert, full of useful information and sources on uniforms of the period. Moreover, in Reggio Emilia, in August 1796, one of the first liberty pole had been planted. [39] This event, which arose from a revolt against the ducal government on 20 August 1796 in Reggio, contributed, together with the events linked to the battle of Montechiarugolo, to the decision to choose Reggio Emilia as the venue for the cispadane congress, the assembly that then led to the birth of the flag of Italy. [39] In 1811, greatcoats were given coloured cuffs that matched the regiment within the division. For example, one department had this scheme: Smith, Digby George (1998). The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book: Actions and Losses in Personnel, Colours, Standards and Artillery. Qui troverete l'organizzazione della Legione Lombarda: i colori nazionali adottati sono il verde, il bianco e il rosso. [...]