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The terms polyalkylene glycol and polyglycol are used interchangeably. These fluids can be manufactured to be either water soluble or water insoluble (oil soluble). The most common are the water-soluble fluids, and thus they can have some very different properties. These qualities make them an excellent candidate for use as heat transfer fluids, specialty grease applications and DOT Type 5 automotive brake fluids. However, there are two limitations of silicones that must be considered for lubricating applications. When refilling refrigerant and performing any work on the refrigerant circuit, please observe the following: Improved heat transfer: Poe oil has excellent heat transfer properties, improving the overall performance of the system. It helps in efficient heat dissipation and allows the system to maintain optimal temperatures. Both pag and poe oils are synthetic lubricants designed for use in air conditioning and refrigeration systems.
PAG oils are also useful in industrial equipment operating year-round without seasonal changes. Their superior heat transfer characteristics and thermal and oxidation stability make them ideal for use as heat transfer fluids in large, open vented systems and for process fluids in the production of plastics, elastomers, threads or fabricated parts where compatibility of the fluid with the processed part is important. Poe oil, also known as polyolester oil, has gained popularity in various applications such as refrigeration and air conditioning systems due to its unique properties. However, like any other product, poe oil also has its advantages and disadvantages. In this section, we will explore the pros and cons of poe oil, along with its impact on system performance and efficiency. Advantages Of Using Poe Oil In Various Applications High viscosity index: Pag oil has a high viscosity index, which means it retains its viscosity over a wide range of temperatures. This makes it suitable for both low and high-temperature applications. Some of the disadvantages of PAO-based lubricants are outlined in Table 6. Table 6. Property disadvantages of PAO-based lubricants. Source: Shell Differences Between PAG- and PAO-Based Lubricants
Compressor Model and Recommended PAG Oil:
Because mineral oil and PAG oil cannot be mixed, another A/C compressor oil was needed to bridge the gap for system conversions. The transitional solution was polyol ester oil (“ester” oil or POE). Ester oil is often called “retrofit oil” because it mixes with both R-12 and R-134a. Like PAG oil, Ester oil is a synthetic lubricant. Ester molecules are very stable and have excellent performance characteristics in both high and low temperature environments. Ester oil comes in only one viscosity so it does not include the viscosity numbers associated with PAG oils. FJC offers Ester oil with Extreme Cold and Fluorescent Dye additives. Since R-12 was phased out in 1994, vehicles newer than 1995 typically do not contain ester oil as the lubricant for the A/C system. With the exception of a few European models, vehicles newer than 1995 typically do not contain ester oil as the lubricant for the A/C system. Still, it is imperative that you look up the lubricant specifications for your particular car to determine the oil quantity and replacement type. Summary When replacing a compressor, it is important to add the right amount of Pag oil Which AC components require oil refills? Mineral oil: Mineral refrigerant oil, also known as Alkyl Benzene Oil, was the default option up until HFC refrigerants became common place. Today it is still used in older R-12 refrigerant systems. And because it does not absorb moisture, it is also used to lubricate O-rings and seals in both R-12 and R134a systems. The two largest U.S. air compressor OEMs have used PAG lubricants as the standard factory fill in rotary screw air compressors for almost 20 years. More recently, a third compressor OEM has begun to offer PAG oil as an optional fluid.
When people refer to PAG oil they typically refer to it in the following terms: PAG 46, PAG 100, or PAG 150. The numbers represent the viscosity of the lubricant just as “10W-30” or “10W-40” represent the viscosity of motor oil. Previously, in years gone by, these viscosity numbers were often associated with a particular car manufacturer. Ford A/C systems got one number and GM got another. Evaporator, condenser, and accumulator all need about 1 ounce of oil per component to work efficiently; hoses also contain small amounts so be sure not to let your usage go over this amount, or else you may have leaking problems! The recommended total maximum capacity is 5 fluid ounces – 4 if new parts are replacing old ones like a replaced fan motor (3). Always pay attention when adding fluids because too much will cause overheating which could lead directly into costly repairs down the line such as vandalism caused by collateral damage from firefighting efforts.” A/C compressor oil capacity If you are replacing a compressor or other A/C system component, it is important to replace any compressor oil that has been lost when parts are changed. The total system oil capacity for many late model passenger car A/C systems is only about 4 ounces (120 ml). A low oil level can starve the compressor for oil and lead to compressor failure. Water-insoluble (oil-soluble) polyglycols are likely to become more common and are used as heat transfer fluids, high-temperature bearing oils and in screw-type refrigeration compressors. In refrigeration compression, PAG and polyol ester-type lubricants are used almost exclusively with the current generation of environmentally friendly HFC refrigerants such as R-134a and R-152a.Every compressor manufacturer I've ever interviewed says the same thing: Use the specific type of oil specified for their compressor. In most cases, it is some type of PAG oil. Unlike pag oil, poe oil is hydrophobic, meaning it does not absorb moisture, making it less susceptible to degradation due to water. Pag oil offers better compatibility with r134a refrigerant, making it the recommended choice for automotive air conditioning systems using this refrigerant. It also excels in systems with tight clearances and high-temperature differentials. Phosphate Esters are valued in applications where safety and fire resistance are critical considerations, which include fire-resistant hydraulic fluids and aircraft fluids. High flash points and fire points enhance their resistance to ignition, and their low heat of combustion makes them excellent self-extinguishing fluids. However, they do have several weaknesses including poor hydrolytic stability, which can lead to the formation of aggressive acidic by-products. Care must be taken when used because they can also react and degrade a variety of commonly used sealants and paints.
When I go into shops — and I have a network of shops I routinely go into — most of their shelves in their parts rooms that have to do with A/C stuff seem to have up to 25 bottles of different refrigerant oils on the shelves because every vehicle manufacturer specifies a different oil for their particular system,” Schaeber said. Understanding Other Oils on the Market Do not introduce an open flame or hot metal in the immediate vicinity of refrigerant. Doing so can cause lethal gases to form. While polyalphaolefins (PAOs) fill some of these needs, a growing number of applications are demanding higher performance requirements, or require unique specifications that are not met by traditional lubricants. Enhanced lubrication: Pag oil is known for its excellent lubricating properties, which help reduce friction and wear in machinery and equipment. This leads to improved performance and longevity of the components. PAG oil is often used in automotive air conditioning systems because of its high lubricity and stability at high temperatures. It is also non-toxic and has a low environmental impact, making it a good choice for use in automotive applications.
Pag oil possesses a low viscosity, enabling it to flow freely throughout the system, delivering adequate lubrication to all components. Table 1 shows values for absolute viscosity and pressure-viscosity coefficient obtained from AGMA 925. 1 When it comes to selecting between pag and poe oil for various applications, it’s essential to consider the specific requirements of your system. Here are some key points to consider:
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