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A serous membrane lines the cavities of the body that do not open to the external environment. Serous fluid secreted by the cells of the epithelium lubricates the membrane and reduces abrasion and friction between organs. Serous membranes are identified according to location. Three serous membranes are found lining the thoracic cavity; two membranes that cover the lungs (pleura) and one membrane that covers the heart (pericardium). A fourth serous membrane, the peritoneum, lines the peritoneal cavity, covering the abdominal organs and forming double sheets of mesenteries that suspend many of the digestive organs. The central nervous system contains the brain and the spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes nerves and ganglia that are present outside the brain and spinal cord. Through the axons, every part of the body gets connected. Central Nervous System consists of: Coomaraswamy, Ananda (1934). "Aesthetic of The Śukranĩtisāra". The Transformation of Nature in Art. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp.111–117. cited in Mosteller, John F. (1988). "The Study of Indian Iconometry in Historical Perspective". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 108 (1): 99–110. doi: 10.2307/603249. JSTOR 603249. The liver is the most important organ of the metabolic system. It helps convert nutrients into usable substances, detoxifies certain substances, and filters blood coming from the digestive tract through a vein before it joins venous blood flow from other parts of the body. Oxygenated blood reaches the liver via an artery. In a healthy person, the liver releases bile into the gallbladder, which the gallbladder stores and then releases to travel down the common bile duct into the small intestine to aid digestion.
Several parts of the lungs help the body take in air, filter it, and then oxygenate the blood. These are: Partially digested food first travels through the small intestine, which comprises three parts: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. Most digestion and absorption of food happens here. The epidermis: This is the outer layer of skin. It contains three types of cells. Squamous cells are the outer layer of skin, which the body constantly sheds. Basal cells are the next layer, located under the squamous cells. Melanocytes produce melanin, which is skin pigment. The more melanin the melanocytes produce, the darker a person’s skin is. The person who is trained to study human physiology is called a physiologist. Claude Bernard is referred to as the father of Physiology for his exemplary research.Bogin, B; Varela-Silva, M. I. (2010). "Leg length, body proportion, and health: A review with a note on beauty". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 7 (3): 1047–75. doi: 10.3390/ijerph7031047. PMC 2872302. PMID 20617018. Different types of diseases or conditions that affect the chest include pleurisy, flail chest, atelectasis, and the most common condition, chest pain. These conditions can be hereditary or caused by birth defects or trauma. Any condition that lowers the ability to either breathe deeply or to cough is considered a chest disease or condition.
The brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system, which works to process and send nerve signals, interpret information, and produce conscious thought. Injuries to non-vital organs may also affect vital organs, such as when a gallstone undermines liver function. The main anatomical planes of the human body, including median (red), parasagittal (yellow), frontal or coronal plane (blue) and transverse or axial plane (green). Dynamic core function [ edit ] Inferior part - originates from ribs 7-8 (sometimes 9 and 10). It inserts onto the anterior and posterior surfaces of the inferior angle of the scapula.The subcutaneous fat layer: This is the deepest layer of the skin. It helps keep the body warm and reduces the risk of injury by absorbing heavy blows.
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