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M. longissimus dorsi: This long, cylindrical muscle that is covered by the thoracodorsal fascia lies medial to the former muscle and runs from the ilium to the mastoid process. Insertions can be found into the lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebrae and the ribs (pars lumbalis, thoracis, cervicis and capitis) ( Figure 28). M. supraspinatus: This muscle fills the supraspinous fossa and has insertion into the greater humeral tubercle ( Figure 31). Lucy was exhibited at the Discovery Times Square Exposition in New York City from June until October 2009. [42] In New York, the exhibition included Ida (Plate B), the other half of the recently announced Darwinius masilae fossil. [43] She was also exhibited in Mexico at the Mexico Museum of Anthropology until its return to Ethiopia in May 2013. M. splenius: This muscle is reduced in the rhesus monkey. It originates dorsally on the first three thoracic vertebrae and runs cranially towards the occiput. The front limb is not only connected to the thorax by means of a synsarcosis (connecting muscles) but also by means of the collar bone that attaches to the manubrium of the sternum, and the acromion and coracoid process of the shoulder blade. The coracoclavicular ligament is worth mentioning.
Jungers, William L. (June 1988). "Lucy's length: Stature reconstruction in Australopithecus afarensis (A.L.288-1) with implications for other small-bodied hominids". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 76 (2): 227–231. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330760211. PMID 3137822. Mm. lumbricales pedis: Four fine muscle strands find their origins deep to the flexor digitorum brevis muscle. They run medial to the metatarsal bones of the 2nd to 5th digits to insert into their proximal phalanges ( Figure 41). M. teres minor: This muscle has origin at the caudodistal margin of the shoulder blade and the caudal aspect of the infraspinatus muscle. It inserts into the greater tubercle of the humerus, just caudal to the insertion of the aforementioned muscle ( Figure 31).
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Lucy's cause of death has not been determined. The specimen does not show the signs of post-mortem bone damage characteristic of animals killed by predators and then scavenged. The only visible damage is a single carnivore tooth mark on the top of her left pubic bone, believed to have occurred at or around the time of death, but which is not necessarily related to her death. Her third molars were erupted and slightly worn and, therefore, it was concluded that she was fully matured with completed skeletal development. There are indications of degenerative disease to her vertebrae that do not necessarily indicate old age. It is believed that she was a mature but young adult when she died. [34] M. biceps femoris: The biceps femoris muscle arises from the ischial tuberosity. The muscle forms a thin aponeurosis that is inserted into the fascia cruris ( Figures 25, 26, and 36). This muscle can be used to administer intramuscular injections. M. flexor digitorum profundus: This muscle arises from the proximal half of the ulna (caput ulnare) and the upper two-thirds of the radius (caput radiale). Five tendons arise, which are inserted into the palmar sides of the terminal phalanges of all five digits ( Figures 33 and 35). After you have the dentures, search the southeastern-most crate and a prompt will appear, asking if you're ready to enter the area below. You will take damage if you drop down into the cavern when entering, so heal up if necessary before attempting it. Your Agility level has a chance to negate this damage, so a summer pie or other Agility boost may be helpful for avoiding fall damage during this section.
M. longus colli: This muscle lies deep against the ventral sides of all cervical and the first four thoracic vertebrae, dorsal to the trachea. The short muscle fibers interconnect the subsequent vertebrae ( Figure 27). Johanson recovered Lucy's left innominate bone and sacrum. Though the sacrum was remarkably well preserved, the innominate was distorted, leading to two different reconstructions. The first reconstruction had little iliac flare and virtually no anterior wrap, creating an ilium that greatly resembled that of an ape. However, this reconstruction proved to be faulty, as the superior pubic rami would not have been able to connect were the right ilium identical to the left.
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The main differences between a monkey and a chimpanzee include their family type, appearance, diet, intelligence, and ways of communication. M. levator labii superioris: It runs from the nasal and maxillary bones to the dorsal fibers of the orbicularis oris muscle. After the quest, players retain the ability to turn into a monkey in Ape Atoll & Ardougne Zoo, using the Monkey greegree. The Jungle Demon can also now be fought in the Nightmare Zone. M. abductor ossis metatarsi quinti: This inconsistently present muscle runs lateral from the former muscle and inserts into the metatarsal bone of the 5th digit.
Added a fairy ring midway through the Ape Atoll agility course. Using this fairy ring requires completion of Monkey Madness and Daero's training. M. gastrocnemius: The lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius muscle arise from the lateral and medial epicondyle of the femur, respectively. A sesamoid bone is present in each tendon of origin (ossa sesamoidea m. gastrocnemii or fabellae). The tendo Achilles attaches to the tuber calcanei ( Figures 25, 26, 36, 38, and 39). Rak, Y.; Ginzburg, A.; Geffen, E. (2007). "Gorilla-like anatomy on Australopithecus afarensis mandibles suggests A. afarensis link to robust australopiths". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (16): 6568–72. Bibcode: 2007PNAS..104.6568R. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0606454104. PMC 1871826. PMID 17426152. M. extensor carpi radialis (longus et brevis): The lateral epicondylar crest of the humerus forms the origin of this muscle. The insertion is into the base of the 2nd metacarpal bone (long part) and 3rd metacarpal bone (short part) ( Figures 32– 34).M. pectineus: This short, fusiform muscle runs from the pecten pubis to the medioproximal aspect of the femur ( Figures 25 and 37). M. flexor digitorum superficialis (m. flexor digitorum sublimis): This very thin muscle originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Its four tendons insert on the base of the 2nd phalanx of digits I to IV ( Figures 33 and 35). longus: The origin of the long adductor muscle is the pelvic symphysis. It lies lateral (deep) to the gracilis muscle and inserts medially, halfway the femur ( Figure 25).
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